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from typing import List, Dict, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime
import pytest

@dataclass
class Task:
    """Represents a task with priority and deadline."""
    id: int
    title: str
    priority: int
    deadline: Optional[datetime] = None
    completed: bool = False

class TaskManager:
    """Advanced task management system with priority sorting."""
    
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._tasks: Dict[int, Task] = {}
        self._next_id: int = 1
    
    def add_task(self, title: str, priority: int, 
                 deadline: Optional[datetime] = None) -> int:
        """
        Add a new task to the system.
        
        Args:
            title: Task description
            priority: Priority level (1-10, higher = more important)
            deadline: Optional deadline for the task
            
        Returns:
            Task ID for future reference
            
        Raises:
            ValueError: If priority is not between 1-10
        """
        if not 1 <= priority <= 10:
            raise ValueError("Priority must be between 1 and 10")
        
        task = Task(
            id=self._next_id,
            title=title,
            priority=priority,
            deadline=deadline
        )
        
        self._tasks[self._next_id] = task
        self._next_id += 1
        
        return task.id
    
    def get_sorted_tasks(self) -> List[Task]:
        """Get tasks sorted by priority (highest first)."""
        return sorted(
            self._tasks.values(),
            key=lambda t: (-t.priority, t.deadline or datetime.max)
        )

# Unit Tests
class TestTaskManager:
    def test_add_task_success(self):
        manager = TaskManager()
        task_id = manager.add_task("Test task", 5)
        assert task_id == 1
    
    def test_priority_validation(self):
        manager = TaskManager()
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            manager.add_task("Invalid", 11)

# Usage Example
if __name__ == "__main__":
    tm = TaskManager()
    tm.add_task("Review code", 8)
    tm.add_task("Write tests", 9)
    
    for task in tm.get_sorted_tasks():
        print(f"Task: {{task.title}} (Priority: {{task.priority}})")

Features: Type hints, dataclasses, comprehensive tests, docstrings